22. Barometers:

22.37 EARLY GERMAN HYGROMETER.   Really exceptional hygrometer (humidity gauge) made by the early 1900’s firm of “ M. Stettler Hotz & Sohn, Bern” (Germany) as boldly marked on the silvered brass dial.  Below is the company’s trademark of a navigational divider and the notation “D.R.G.M.” above the inscription “HAAR-HYGROMETER.”  The clear dial is marked in degrees of relative humidity from 0 to 100%.  A classic black indicator needle points to the reading overlaid by a knurled brass set needle.  The set needle is rove through the thick beveled glass crystal to indicate the previous reading.  This precision weather instrument is housed in its original substantial all brass case with numerous vents on all sides.  The case is mounted onto its lovely cherry wood mount with brass hanger on the back.  The instrument measures /6 inches in diameter.  The cherry wood backing is 8 ¼ inches in diameter.  Perfect original condition throughout, and very accurate!  This is the finest, earliest example of its type we have ever encountered.  Circa 1920.   295

DRGM  stands for the Deutsches Reichsgebraushmuster which was the mark of the German Reich from 1900 to the end of World War II.  This quality instrument definitely dates from the 1920’s… and is almost 100 years old!

5.44/22.35  WWII  U.S. NAVY BAROMETER.  Absolutely the finest quality ship’s barometer, as made for the U.S. Navy in the early 1940’s by the renown American scientific instrument firm of “FRIEZ, Baltimore” as marked on the bottom of the silvered brass dial.  Just above is the bold inscription “U.S. NAVY BuShips  (N) 3961 -- 42.”  The dial registers atmospheric pressure in inches of mercury, calibrated from 27.7 to 31.3.  This is a much broader range than most barometers of that era.   It is subdivided in 2/100th increments marked by tenths.  The reading is indicated by a thin black needle.  It is overlaid by its brass set needle moved by the knurled knob rove through the beveled Lexan crystal.  The high grade movement within has double bellows and jeweled pivots!  The needle is operated by a precision rack and pinion gear systems vs. a chain and pulley common in most barometers.  Its quality features make it extremely accurate.  This state-of-the-art weather instrument is housed in its lovely all brass case in a high polish with pivoting suspension loop at the top for hanging.  A small aperture in the rear of the case is provided for setting the reading to local conditions.  5 ¼ inches in diameter by 2 ½ inches deep.   Perfect cosmetic condition throughout.  Fully functional and very accurate!  399

22.36  REVERSE GLASS DIAL BAROMETER.  Pristine late 19th century German aneroid barometer made for the English speaking market.  The beveled glass dial is reverse marked with the weather indications from 27.5 to 31.5 inches of atmospheric mercury pressure.  The fine divisions are in 2/100 inch increments marked by tens.  The dial is marked with the standard fancy, colorful Victorian weather indications “Stormy, Rain Change Fair, Very Dry.”  The lovely open face showcases the entire complex movement within.  The movement’s reading is registered by the fine blued steel arrow indicator.  It is overlaid by the brass set needle which is operated by the knurled knob rove though the glass crystal.  The movement is contained in it extremely nice solid bronze case with original bright lacquer exhibiting good age.  At the bottom of the dial are the remnants of the signature “Made In Germany.”  This handsome instrument measures 5 3 1/16 inches across the fact and 2 1/8 inches deep.  It has a pivoting loop hanger at the top for hanging and 2 tapered brass feet on the base for displaying on a shelf.  Perfect cosmetic condition and extremely accurate.  Circa 1900.  A beauty!  495

22.33 RARE AMERICAN STICK BAROMETER! Extremely rare sailing ship barometer made by the pioneer nautical American makers, “E & GW BLUNT, NEW YORK” as precisely-engraved on the ivory register. Truly an incredible find! This classic old fashioned ship’s gimbaled barometer is made entirely of rich rosewood with ivory scales and all brass hardware. Distinctively American, its simple, slim design is elegant yet functional. The registers (scales) are beautifully-engraved. The left scale exhibits the weather indications “FAIR, CHANGE, RAIN.” On the right the scale is calibrated from 27 to 31 inches divided by tenths. A sliding vernier, activated by an ivory rack and pinion knob just below, is divided from 1 – 10 providing a precise readout to one 1/100th of an inch. The register is overlaid by its original old wavy glass retained with rosewood moldings. The mid-body of this instrument has the original brass gimbal which pivots within the barometer body in ivory grommets. The gimbal ring fits nicely into the solid brass yoke attached to a turned rosewood mount, allowing the barometer to swing properly in a seaway. Below the gimbal is the mercury thermometer with ivory scale marked in single degrees Fahrenheit from 18 to 108 F. Perhaps the most unusual aspect of this stick barometer is its innovative open cistern – a real departure from contemporary English and French barometers of the time, and evidence of the Blunt brothers’ cutting edge manufactory. The open cistern is protected by old wavy glass in keeping with the register. The compartment is backed by an ivory slab engraved “PATENT MARINE.” It contains the original hand-blown glass tube protected by two silvered brass covers. This simple but effective arrangement is similar to the “J” tubes used in terrestrial mercury wall barometers of the era. Despite its relative simplicity compared with English Victorian barometers of its age, this working ship’s instrument has a lovely pediment at the top and a sculpted, curvaceous cistern cover on the bottom. The entire instrument is in a remarkable state of original preservation considering it is at least 175 years old! It measures 41 inches high overall and 4 inches wide at the widest. It projects 7 inches outward from the bulkhead as mounted. Shipped without mercury. However arrangements can be made to fill the instrument and make it fully functional and accurate. This is certainly a Smithsonian candidate, if not already in that collection. 2887 Back to Top

The sibling partnership of Edmund and George William Blunt was formed in 1824 in New York under the name E. & G. W. Blunt. They were sons of Edmund March Blunt, famous publisher of “Blunt’s Nautical Almanac” of Newburyport, Massachusetts. Following a disastrous fire in 1811, the elder Blunt moved to New York City, where he continued his publishing. According to M.V. Brewington in “The Peabody Museum Collection of Navigating Instruments”…”The firm was possibly the most progressive in the United States, thanks perhaps to George joining the U.S. Coast Survey.” By 1833 they were the American agents for the foremost British chronometer makers. In 1836 they set up their own astronomical observatory in Brooklyn. By 1850 they were publishing a nautical almanac of their own and had agents in 20 East Coast and Gulf cities. In 1856 they completed a dividing engine on George’s design. They had many other accomplishments in the nautical realm. Edmund died shortly after the Civil War and George retired a year later. The firm sold out to John Bliss & Co., in 1871. George died in 1878.

22.07  BAROGRAPH.  Late 19th century English barograph of finest quality made by one of England’s most respected instrument makers of the period, “J. HICKS, LONDON” as inscribed on the maker’s plaque affixed to the front of the case.  This beautifully-made weather instrument employs 7 evacuated metal bellows connected to a complex linkage system attached to a stylus with an inking pen.  The linkage is all brass with steel pivots, mounted to a heavy solid brass bedplate.  The pen records a trace on the revolving drum.  A lever protruding through the front of the case allows the pen to be lifted from the drum when not in use.  The brass drum is motivated by a jeweled clockwork mechanism which runs for 8 days on a single wind, making a revolution once a week.  To these ends there is a Fast/Slow adjustment feature under the removable brass cover and a built-in winding key.  The paper graph encompassing the drum is marked from 29 to 31 inches of barometric pressure in 1/10th inch increments on the y axis and is marked Monday through Sunday in 2 hour increments on the x axis.  The glazed wooden case is made of rich mahogany with all brass fittings.  The original glass is old and wavy.   The instrument measures 11 ¾ inches long by 6 inches wide and 7 inches high.  Complete with the original ink vile with ground glass stopper and contents!  The entire presentation is in outstanding original condition, fully functional (the clock keeps good time) and is complete with several original old recording charts in pristine condition. Was 1295   NOW! 495  

James Joseph Hicks worked as an optical, mathematical and philosophical instrument maker from 1861 into the very early 1900’s.  He began work at 8 Hatton Garden, London.  As his business grew his premises expanded to 8, 9, 10 Hatton Garden from 1885 onward.  Born in Ross Carbery, County Cork, Ireland, he apprenticed to the famous barometer maker, L. P. Casella in London.  Hicks made and sold all types of barometers, becoming one of the most prolific makers in England.  He was a staunch Catholic, presenting meteorological instruments to the Vatican, and was made a Knight Commander of St. Gregory.  (Edwin Banfield, “Barometer Makers And Retailers 1660 – 1900.”  1991, Baros Books, Trowbridge, Wiltshire.)

22.30  VERY EARLY ANEROID BAROMETER.   Important English barometer made shortly after the time of its invention.  This rare, surviving example has a silvered brass dial with unusually fine markings showing atmospheric pressure calibrated in inches of mercury form 27.7 to 31.3.  Subdivisions are in 2/100 increments marked in 10ths.   The semi circular scale is augmented by the weather indications “STORMY, Much Rain, Rain, CHANGE, Fair Set Fair, and VERY DRY.”  The readout is indicated by the delicate blued steel needle.  The center of the dial is marked “ANEROID BAROMETER.”  Below the center is the curved mercury thermometer identified as “FAHRENHEIT’S THERMOMETER.”  The degree scale ranges from 6 to 140 degrees calibrated in 2 degree increments marked by 20’s.  A gilt reflector ring encompasses the dial, set in an elaborately-tooled brass bezel over the glass.  The solid brass case is a thing of beauty, retaining its bright brass finish.  The back is marked with a logo of an anchor flanked by the initials “DC.”  A small aperture is on the right for setting and calibrating the instrument.  For hanging it is equipped with a pivoting brass loop at the top. The case measures 4 1/2 inches in diameter and is 2 inches thick.   Excellent condition throughout with expected very minor flaws.  The  dial is original and untouched.  Both the barometer and thermometer functions are lively and accurate – amazing considering this barometer is approximately 160 years old!  Museum quality. SOLD

In Edwin Banfield’s reference book, “Barometers Aneroid and Barographs,” 1985 Baros Books, Wilshire, England, the author depicts a barometer on page 15 with the caption, “Fig. 9 Early aneroid barometer by E. J. Dent, Paris, c. 1848,  (Science Museum, London).”  The dial with it small, plain calibrations  is seen to have a curved mercury thermometer reading “FAHRENHEIT’S THERMOMETER.”  In addition, it has an unusual stippled brass bezel ring encircling the dial which is identical to the example offered here.   Of added note, it does not have the typical set needle seen in a majority of later barometers.

The mercury-in-glass thermometer was invented by physicist Daniel Fahrenheit in Amsterdam in 1714.  By 1724 Fahrenheit had developed a temperature scale using ammonium chloride and ice to set a “0” point, and ice forming on still water as “32.”  A third point of calibration was “96,” the temperature of human blood.  Further refinement of the scale eventually determined the latter to be “98.6.”

Soon after the invention by Fahrenheit, a Swedish scientist, Anders Celsius, devised the Celsius scale in 1742.  It used 2 points of calibration, “0” for freezing water and “100” for boiling water.  Although Celsius gained quick acceptance in most countries, England continued to use Fahrenheit until the 1960’s, and it is still used in the U.S. today. 

It is a testament to the very early origins of this barometer that the maker saw fit to “personalize” the thermometer by referring to it as “Fahrenheit’s,” thus differentiating it from the more recent Celsius. Scale of the time.

22.24  “MOUNTAIN” BAROMETER.  Quite scarce early 1900’s American “Mountain Barometer” with the unique feature of being adjustable for altitude (elevation).  This precision instrument was made by the Tycos Company of Rochester, N.Y. as signed on the bottom of the white enameled dial.  The dial is calibrated for atmospheric pressure  in inches of mercury spanning the wide range from 25 to 31 inches in 2/100th increments marked by 10’s.  It bears the standard weather indications “@STORMY @ RAIN, CHANGE * FAIR @ VERY DRY @” with the added notations “LOW & HIGH.”  At the top it is marked “PAT. AUG.-18-1914.”  The reading is indicated by a fine blued steel needle overlaid by a brass “set needle” with knurled brass knob rove through the beveled glass cover.  The body of this instrument is solid bronze in its original flawless golden lacquer finish.   The back of this instrument bears the rare patented feature which allows it to be adjustable.  It consists of  a knurled disc calibrated in feet of elevation from 0 to 3,500.  The engraved instructions read, “FOR A SEA LEVEL READING ROTATE THIS PLATE UNTIL THE ARROW ON THE CASE POINTS TO THE ALTITUDE OF YOUR LOCALITY.”  The back also has an aperture for a set screw to further adjust the movement.  The top is equipped with a pivoting brass loop for hanging.  5 ¼ inches in diameter and 6 inches high overall.  Absolutely perfect condition is all respects.  The precise mechanism is lively and accurate.  The best!  349

22.27  FRENCH BROMETER with THERMOMETER.   Finest quality late 19th century aneroid barometer made by the highly respected Parisian barometer making firm of Paul Naudet as indicated on the small “PNHB” logo at the top of the dial.  This handsome example has a silvered open face which frames the complex movement within.  The dial indicates atmospheric pressure in inches of mercury calibrated from 27.8 to 31.2 in 2/100th increments marked by 10ths.   It shows the standard weather indications of “STORMY, RAIN, CHANGE, FAIR and VERY DRY.”  At the top of the aperture it is marked “Made In France” and “HOLOSTERIC BAROMETER” (without liquid).   Of much added value and desirability is the fact it is fitted with a large curved mercury tube marked “FAHRENHEIT THERMOMETER” registering an exceptionally broad range of -18 to 148 degrees in 2 degree increments. The barometric read-out is made by the very precise blued steel indicator needle, overridden by the brass set needle attached to a knurled knob.  The knob runs through the beveled glass crystal with its old wavy glass.  The solid rose bronze case is of traditional form with a pivoting suspension loop at the top for hanging, but also fitted with a stout brass hanger for hard mounting to the ship’s bulkhead top and bottom.  This lovely antique barometer has just been professionally serviced and both functions are guaranteed to be lively and accurate. 5 ¼  inches in diameter,  2  1/8 inches deep and 6 1/8 inches high overall.  In our 35 years handling antique barometers, there are no finer examples than those marked PNHB.  For an accurate, functional instrument which is very decorative and has value as an antique, this is it!  The best.  595

22.21  CARVED SHIP's BAROMETER. Very handsome mid-1800s Captain’s cabin  barometer undoubtedly from a sailing ship.  This lovely example combines form and function in a  shipboard instrument which has a hard-fired white porcelain dial calibrated in inches of atmospheric pressure from 27.7 to 31.3.  It also has more unusual weather notations reading:  GALES, STORMY WET CHANGEABLE, FINE, CALM, and SET FAIR at the top and -.FALLS.-MORE WIND FROM S.WLY., S.E., S.W. ARM, WET (then the trident) and, -.RISE.- N.ELY, N.W.N.E OR LESS WIND. COLD DRY.   Key words are highlighted in RED.  Of added appeal, and certainly increasing its value as a real ships barometer, is the fact that an old fashioned anchor is depicted at the center of the dial and Neptune's trident is shown at the bottom.  While unsigned, it is our opinion that this barometer was made by Martin of Swansea, a noted English ships' barometer maker circa 1860.  It has a brass bezel with thick beveled glass through which the brass set needle overlies the black indicator needle.  The body of the barometer is carved in the traditional ropework manner out of rich dark oak.  The original heavy brass hanging bracket is countersunk on the reverse.  The entire instrument measures 9 ½ inches in diameter and 3 1/4 inches thick, while the dial itself is 6 1/4 inches across. Outstanding, pristine original condition throughout!  Fully functional and accurate.  Truly a fantastic example.  579

According to Edwin Banfield in Barometer Makers And Retailers 1660-1900, 1991, Baros Books, Wiltshire, England, Felix Martin was a watch and clock maker in Swansea from 1850-1870.  We had and sold a nearly identical barometer with a plain, but signed dial by this maker.

22.26   ANTIQUE FRENCH BAROMETER.  Finest quality late 19th century aneroid barometer made by the highly respected Paris barometer making firm of Paul Naudet as indicated on the small “PNHB” logo at the bottom of the dial and again on the back of the brass case.  This handsome example has a silvered open face dial which showcases the complex movement within.  The dial is marked with the very broad atmospheric pressure range in inches of mercury from 25 to 32 in 2/100th increments marked by 10ths.  The dial shows the standard weather indications of “STORMY, RAIN, CHANGE, FAIR and VERY DRY.”  At the top of the aperture it is marked “Made In France” and at the bottom “HOLOSTERIC BAROMETER” (without liquid).  The barometric read-out is made by the very delicate blued steel indicator needle, overridden by the brass set needle attached to a knurled knob.  The knob runs through the beveled glass crystal with its old wavy glass.  The solid brass case of traditional form is in its original lacquered  finish.  There is a pivoting suspension loop at the top for hanging.  This lovely antique barometer has just been professionally serviced and is guaranteed to be lively and accurate. 5 ½ inches in diameter and 2 inches deep.  In our 35 years experience with barometers, none finer were produced than those marked PNHB.  For an accurate, functional instrument which is very decorative and has antiquity value, this is the way to go!   Priced to sell.  389

The first practical aneroid ("without liquid") barometer is generally attributed to Parisian, Lucien Vidie in 1843, who was awarded an English patent for his device in 1844.  Vidie's patent rights expired in 1859, allowing other makers to produce instruments.  The most successful makers in France were Naudet, Hulot & Cie, who reportedly made 20,000 instruments between 1861 and 1866.  (1)

Another reference to the firm was made by Middleton who states, "...there were several makers soon after the patent expired in 1859, the most successful being Naudet, Hulot, & Cie.  According to Le Roux they made 20,000 aneroid barometers between 1861 and 1866.  They called them baromètres holostériques...  references occur in the continental literature to Naudet barometers and to holosteric barometers for the rest of the nineteenth century.  They acquired a great reputation and were widely imitated." (2)  Middleton goes on to state,  "For many purposes aneroids continued to be made - and are indeed still made - of a form very like that arrived at by Naudet, Hulot & Cie about 1860." (3)   In the Appendix is an entry for a barometer held in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.  It reads, "230,002  A "Holosteric  Barometer- Compensated, "made by Naudet & Co. Marked on the back of the case, U.S. Signal Service" (4) indicating manufacture around the time of the First World War.

Surprisingly, little is written about the innovative and prolific Paris aneroid barometer maker, Pierre (alternatively "Paul”) Naudet, although it is known that his firm was begun in 1861 and continued producing aneroid barometers into the 1930's. 

The dating and meaning of the markings HBPN (alternatively PNHB) are less clear.  An entry for a barometer sold on eBay indicates the markings refer to "Hulot, Pertius & Naudet, Paris, barometer makers in the 1930's.  However Andy Demeter, writing about the history of the Chelsea Clock Company notes, "With the possible exception of recording barometers, Chelsea did not assemble holosteric or aneroid movements for their barometers preferring to purchase them from the legendary French maker, Pierre (alternatively Paul) Naudet.  His firm's trademark is typically found in a circle on these early barometer dials with the letters "HBPN" as an abbreviation for "Holosteric Barometer, Pierre Naudet." (5)  On page 220 a barometer dial is pictured with the caption, "1909 Pierre Naudet barometer."

1. Edwin Banfield, "Barometers Aneroid and Barographs," 1985, Baros Books, Wiltshire, England, p. 21.
2. W.E. Knowles Middleton, "The History of the Barometer," 1964, The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, p. 407.
3. Ibid. p. 409.
4. Ibid. p. 464.
5. Andrew Demeter, "Chelsea Clock Company, The First Hundred Years," 2001, Demeter Publications, Ltd., Boston, Massachusetts, p. 221.

22.25   IDENTIFIED U.S. MARITIME COMMISSION BAROMETER.  High quality World War II vintage merchant ship’s barometer made for the U.S. Maritime Commission by the famous American scientific instrument making firm of “Taylor Instrument Companies, Rochester, N.Y., U.S.A.” as marked on the pristine white dial.  This pilot house barometer is marked “PRESSURE Inches of Mercury Compensated” from 27.7 to 31 .3 in 2/100th increments marked by 10ths swept by a blackened steel indicator needle.  The dial is protected by its glass crystal housed in the original black Bakelite ship’s bulkhead-mounted case measuring 6 ½ inches in diameter on the flange.  This sealed unit has a pivoting brass cover on the back which protects the aperture provided for adjusting the reading.  It is the first such feature of this quality we have yet encountered in a barometer.  Attached to the barometer is an old work tag stamped “MACK BRUNTON BRYAN” then penned in old ink, “Merchant + Miners Trans. Co.”  This barometer is in excellent working and cosmetic condition in all respects.  Its indication of the barometric pressure is lively and accurate.  349

22.01  U.S. MARITIME COMMISSION BAROMETER.  Highest quality marine aneroid barometer made by the Friez Company of Baltimore, Maryland for the United States Maritime Commission during the early days of World War II (1943), as engraved on the silvered brass dial.  This all brass instrument with beveled crystal features a dial marked in an unusually broad range of barometric pressure from 25 to 32 inches in 2/100ths increments marked by 10ths.  The reading is indicated by an ornate blackened steel hand overlaid by a brass set needle attached to a knurled knob running through the clear beveled cover.  Internally it has a temperature compensated dual bellows system with a very precise rack and pinion linkage, seen only in the finest quality U.S. Weather Bureau instruments of the era.   The solid brass case is of traditional maritime form with a flanged bulkhead mounting plate 6 inches in diameter.  The dial itself measures 4 5/8 inches diameter set within the original reflector ring.  Outstanding original condition in all respects.  This barometer is very sensitive and extremely accurate.  A wonderful example of superlative American ingenuity during the most adverse  times.  295

22.06  ANTIQUE BAROGRAPH.  Extraordinary, scientific grade turn-of-the-last-century weather instrument made by the well known English makers “Short & Mason, London.”  This lovely, fully functional instrument embodies the long-standing British penchant for form and function.  As such, the precision mechanism with gilded brass works and hardwood housing is a thing of beauty.  It employs 12 evacuated silvered bellows connected with a complex linkage system to a stylus holding an inking pen.  The linkage is all brass with steel pivots as mounted to the gilded brass bedplate.  It is decoratively-engraved with its makers, “Short & Mason London.”  The quill-type pen records a trace on the revolving drum.  A lever mounted on the front of the bedplate allows the pen to be lifted from the drum when not in use.  The brass drum is turned by a jeweled clockwork mechanism which runs for 8 days on a single wind, making one revolution per week.  To these ends there is a Fast/Slow adjustment feature under the removable brass cover and a separate winding key.  The interchangeable chart paper graph encompassing the drum is marked from 28 to 31 inches of barometric pressure in 1/10th increments on the “y” axis and is marked Monday through Sunday in 2 hour increments on the “x” axis.  The glazed wooden case is made of rich mahogany with all brass fittings and is supported on 4 wooden feet.  The sturdy scalloped base is complete with pull-out drawer containing 2 compartments.  The forward compartment is filled with original, unused gummed graph charts.  In addition there is an original pamphlet reading “S and M STORMGRAPH RECORDING BAROMETER, Directions For Use.”  The second compartment is for storing recorded charts.  The upper removable case contains its original old glass on all 5 sides.   This instrument measures 14 3/8 inches long by 8 ½ inches wide and 8 1/2 inches high.  Complete with the original ink vile with ground glass stopper and contents!  The entire presentation is in an outstanding state of original preservation, fully functional (the clock keeps good time) and is complete with at least 20 spare recording charts in pristine original condition.  Price Request 

22.08  ANEROID BAROMETER.  Large, late 19th century aneroid barometer made for the English speaking market.  This especially handsome barometer has an all brass case with a colorful open face porcelain dial.  It is beautifully marked with an impressive range spanning 21.5 to 31.5 inches of mercury, designated in tenths and calibrated to 2/100th increments.   It is marked “Aneroid Barometer” at the bottom and bears the standard weather indications “Stormy, RAIN, Change, FAIR and Very Dry.”  A fine blued steel needle indicates the current reading overlaid by the brass set needle which records the reading as operated by the knurled knob in the center of the beveled glass.  The complex high quality movement with brass backing is visible within the open dial.  This precision weather instrument measures 6 ¾ inches in diameter and is 2 ¼ inches thick.  A pivoting brass suspension loop is equipped at the top for hanging.  A small aperture on the back of the case is provided for accurately adjusting the reading.  Excellent original condition with a nice statuary bronze age patina to the brass.  569

22.09  WEATHER GLASS.   Authentic hand-blown glass weather instrument known as a weather glass, storm glass or thunder glass, as found in the homes of sea captains from the 17th through the19th centuries.  This exacting copy consists of a one piece glass vial with a hanging eye at the top, a curved swan’s neck spout, and terminates in a bulbous glass bottom.   It is complete with a hand-wrought hanging bracket of copper and brass.  In use the glass is partially filled with water so that the level can be seen within the spout.  Weather changes accompanied by varying atmospheric pressure are evident in the rise and fall of the water level in the spout.  The hanging bracket measures 12 inches tall overall and the glass is 9 inches tall and 3 ½ inches wide.  Perfect condition.  49

Bert Bolle in “Barometers,” 1982, Argus Books, Watford, Herts, England discusses the Thunder glass or “donderglas” stating, “The title of “weather glass” is more apt than “barometer” in the context of the instrument shown.  A barometer is a measuring instrument, as such, has a scale; a thunder glass does not have a scale.  Therefore the term “weather glass” is more suitable for this, nonetheless, decorative antique."

"In the illustration, one can see that the glass is hung from a small hole at the top and is filled with liquid.  This can be water with a dye if desired.  The instrument, about 10 inches high, functions on the principle that variation in air pressure will cause fluctuation in the water level in the spout.  Without a doubt, this instrument is only partly reliable as it is greatly influenced by variations in ambient temperature.  However, if the thunder glass is hung in a place where variations in temperature are minimized, it is an excellent indicator of variations in air pressure."

"Thunder glasses were characteristically Dutch and production got under way sometime in the early 17th century."
This example comes complete with the original instructions printed when we commissioned an old-school glass blower to make a few of these instruments in 1983.  Since then they have been in storage for more than 30 years!

22.13  BAROMETER / ALTIMETER.  Large, extra nice late 19th century English gentleman’s traveling barometer with the dual function of being an altimeter. This unusually large portable instrument is in the form of a pocket watch with bow and retains its bright brass finish.  The silvered brass dial is hand-engraved.  It is calibrated from 25.5 to 31 inches of barometric pressure, divided down to 2/100ths of an inch.  It is marked “Compensated” and “Made in England”   The outer rim of the dial is marked in “FEET” from 0 to 5,000 divided down to amazing 20 foot increments!  To set and record a reading the rim revolves.  This is provided with pinpoint accuracy by the extremely fine steel indicator needle which is little more than a hair’s width in diameter!  This instrument is complete within its silk and satin-lined, hinged wooden case with Moroccan leather cover.  A small spring-loaded lever with brass button latch secures the case when closed.  3 ¼ inches in diameter and 1 ¼  inches thick.  The dial itself measures 2 ½  inches across.  Fully functional and accurate.  595

22.14  POCKET COMPENDIUM.   Rare, most impressive late 19th century gentleman’s travelling companion which provides the quadruple indications of barometric pressure, altitude, compass course and temperature!  This compact, highly precise scientific instrument is a mere 2 inches in diameter on it solid brass, gilt-washed body with two sides.  The barometric side features a silvered brass dial calibrated in inches of mercury from 18 to 31 in 5/100ths increments.  The movement is marked “Compensated” (for temperature) and is signed “Henry Kahn & Co.. SAN FRANCISCO.”  The knurled, rotating outer rim constitutes the altimeter function which reads from 0 to 15,000 feet, calibrated in 50 foot increments.  On the reverse are the compass and temperature functions. The high quality classic compass card is “Singer’s Patent” type on mother-of-pearl, with agate pivot and innovative black and white card for easier night viewing,  The card is divided into the single points of the compass with the cardinal and intercardinal points identified and North designated by a harp and star.  The circular mercury Fahrenheit thermometer is a thing of beauty, registering in 2 degree increments from 8 to 150 degrees marked in 10’s.  At the top of the instrument is a pivoting suspension loop for hanging or attachment to a watch fob.  The entire presentation is 2 ¾ inches high inclusive of the loop and one inch thick.  Outstanding original condition in all respects noting that the gilded surface has worn with normal use.  Totally functional and accurate.  A real delight. 795 

Samuel Barry Singer was a master mariner from Southampton, England.  His simple, but effective design was a unique half black, half white dry card dial which was much easier to see in low light.  The northern half was blackened while south half of the dial remained naturally bright with its mother-of-pearl surface and minimal markings.  The star and lyre symbols had metaphorical meanings.  They represent the constellation Vega known as the “Harp Star,” one of the brightest in the Northern hemisphere.  Singer was granted his patent in July 1861.   (Kornelia Takacs, “Compass Chronicles,” 2010, Schiffer Publishing Ltd., Atglen, PA.)

22.17   ANEROID  SHIP’s BAROMETER/THERMOMETER.   Superb, early 1900’s ship’s mounted barometer.  Certainly one of the finest of its kind to be found, this extra high grade barometer was made by the legendary French firm of Paul Naudet for the equally famous American nautical instrument makers and chandlers, “T. S. & J.D. Negus Navigation Warehouse 140 Water Street, New York,” as engraved on the pristine silvered brass dial.   This aneroid barometer is also marked “HOLOSTERIC (meaning “solid, without liquid”) BAROMETER” and “Made In France” at the top of the dial.  It is calibrated in inches of mercury from 27.8 to 31.2 in 2/100th increments and is boldly marked with the standard weather indications “STORMY, RAIN, CHANGE, FAIR and VERY DRY.”  Adding to its functionality and desirability the lower half of the dial is equipped with a curved mercury thermometer reading “FAHRENHEIT THERMOMETER” calibrated in 2 degree increments from 6 to 136 degrees.  A fine blued steel needle indicates the barometric pressure while a brass set needle attached to a knurled knob shows changes.  The set needle is rove through the beveled glass crystal, held in place by the brass bezel.  The barometer case is all brass with three  brass mounting lugs screwed and soldered to the back for very secure mounting to the ship’s bulkhead.  In addition to an adjusting screw, the back of the case is also marked with the familiar Naudet logo of “PNHB” (Paul Naudet Holosteric Barometer) in a circle.  The dial measures 5 inches across while the entire instrument is 5 ½ inches wide and 2 inches thick.  Magnificent original condition with a nice old age patina.  Fully functional and accurate.  They don’t come any nicer!  549

22.19  MOUNTAIN BAROMETER.   Scarce early 1900’s American-made aneroid barometer for use at altitude.   This lovely precision weather instrument has a white enameled brass dial protected by a glass face.  The bottom of the dial is signed “Taylor Rochester, N.Y. U.S.A. / Toronto, Canada.”  At the top it is marked “PAT. AUG. 18-1914.”  The dial is calibrated in inches of mercury reading from 26 to 31 in tenths of inches, divided by 2/100ths.  It is also marked with the standard weather indications “~STORMY – RAIN –CHANGE * FAIR – VERY DRY~.”  A blackened steel indicator needle points to the precise reading, overlaid by a brass set needle connected to a knurled brass knob through the glass.  The barometer is contained within its lovely solid bronze case with pivoting suspension loop at the top.  The unique feature of this barometer is on the back.  Rotating the knurled brass plate moves the entire  movement within, thus setting the reading for a given altitude.   The rim of the plate is calibrated in “FEET” of altitude from “3500 to 7000” in 100 foot increments.  Instructions read “ROTATE THIS PLATE UNTIL ARROW ON CASE POINTS TO THE ALTITUDE OF YOUR LOCALITY.  PATENTED AUGUST 18-1914.”  5 ¼ inches in diameter and 2 ½ inches deep.  6 ¼ inches tall overall including the suspension loop.  This fine instrument is fully functional and in a virtually pristine state of original preservation.  395