22. Barometers:

22.30  VERY EARLY ANEROID BAROMETER.   Important English barometer made shortly after the time of its invention.  This rare, surviving example has a silvered brass dial with unusually fine markings showing atmospheric pressure calibrated in inches of mercury form 27.7 to 31.3.  Subdivisions are in 2/100 increments marked in 10ths.   The semi circular scale is augmented by the weather indications “STORMY, Much Rain, Rain, CHANGE, Fair Set Fair, and VERY DRY.”  The readout is indicated by the delicate blued steel needle.  The center of the dial is marked “ANEROID BAROMETER.”  Below the center is the curved mercury thermometer identified as “FAHRENHEIT’S THERMOMETER.”  The degree scale ranges from 6 to 140 degrees calibrated in 2 degree increments marked by 20’s.  A gilt reflector ring encompasses the dial, set in an elaborately-tooled brass bezel over the glass.  The solid brass case is a thing of beauty, retaining its bright brass finish.  The back is marked with a logo of an anchor flanked by the initials “DC.”  A small aperture is on the right for setting and calibrating the instrument.  For hanging it is equipped with a pivoting brass loop at the top.  Excellent condition throughout with expected very minor flaws.  The  dial is original and untouched.  Both the barometer and thermometer functions are lively and accurate – amazing considering this barometer is approximately 160 years old!  Museum quality.  595

In Edwin Banfield’s reference book, “Barometers Aneroid and Barographs,” 1985 Baros Books, Wilshire, England, the author depicts a barometer on page 15 with the caption, “Fig. 9 Early aneroid barometer by E. J. Dent, Paris, c. 1848,  (Science Museum, London).”  The dial with it small, plain calibrations  is seen to have a curved mercury thermometer reading “FAHRENHEIT’S THERMOMETER.”  In addition, it has an unusual stippled brass bezel ring encircling the dial which is identical to the example offered here.   Of added note, it does not have the typical set needle seen in a majority of later barometers.

The mercury-in-glass thermometer was invented by physicist Daniel Fahrenheit in Amsterdam in 1714.  By 1724 Fahrenheit had developed a temperature scale using ammonium chloride and ice to set a “0” point, and ice forming on still water as “32.”  A third point of calibration was “96,” the temperature of human blood.  Further refinement of the scale eventually determined the latter to be “98.6.”

Soon after the invention by Fahrenheit, a Swedish scientist, Anders Celsius, devised the Celsius scale in 1742.  It used 2 points of calibration, “0” for freezing water and “100” for boiling water.  Although Celsius gained quick acceptance in most countries, England continued to use Fahrenheit until the 1960’s, and it is still used in the U.S. today. 

It is a testament to the very early origins of this barometer that the maker saw fit to “personalize” the thermometer by referring to it as “Fahrenheit’s,” thus differentiating it from the more recent Celsius. Scale of the time.

22.24  “MOUNTAIN” BAROMETER.  Quite scarce early 1900’s American “Mountain Barometer” with the unique feature of being adjustable for altitude (elevation).  This precision instrument was made by the Tycos Company of Rochester, N.Y. as signed on the bottom of the white enameled dial.  The dial is calibrated for atmospheric pressure  in inches of mercury spanning the wide range from 25 to 31 inches in 2/100th increments marked by 10’s.  It bears the standard weather indications “@STORMY @ RAIN, CHANGE * FAIR @ VERY DRY @” with the added notations “LOW & HIGH.”  At the top it is marked “PAT. AUG.-18-1914.”  The reading is indicated by a fine blued steel needle overlaid by a brass “set needle” with knurled brass knob rove through the beveled glass cover.  The body of this instrument is solid bronze in its original flawless golden lacquer finish.   The back of this instrument bears the rare patented feature which allows it to be adjustable.  It consists of  a knurled disc calibrated in feet of elevation from 0 to 3,500.  The engraved instructions read, “FOR A SEA LEVEL READING ROTATE THIS PLATE UNTIL THE ARROW ON THE CASE POINTS TO THE ALTITUDE OF YOUR LOCALITY.”  The back also has an aperture for a set screw to further adjust the movement.  The top is equipped with a pivoting brass loop for hanging.  5 ¼ inches in diameter and 6 inches high overall.  Absolutely perfect condition is all respects.  The precise mechanism is lively and accurate.  The best!  349

22.27  FRENCH BROMETER with THERMOMETER.   Finest quality late 19th century aneroid barometer made by the highly respected Parisian barometer making firm of Paul Naudet as indicated on the small “PNHB” logo at the top of the dial.  This handsome example has a silvered open face which frames the complex movement within.  The dial indicates atmospheric pressure in inches of mercury calibrated from 27.8 to 31.2 in 2/100th increments marked by 10ths.   It shows the standard weather indications of “STORMY, RAIN, CHANGE, FAIR and VERY DRY.”  At the top of the aperture it is marked “Made In France” and “HOLOSTERIC BAROMETER” (without liquid).   Of much added value and desirability is the fact it is fitted with a large curved mercury tube marked “FAHRENHEIT THERMOMETER” registering an exceptionally broad range of -18 to 148 degrees in 2 degree increments. The barometric read-out is made by the very precise blued steel indicator needle, overridden by the brass set needle attached to a knurled knob.  The knob runs through the beveled glass crystal with its old wavy glass.  The solid rose bronze case is of traditional form with a pivoting suspension loop at the top for hanging, but also fitted with a stout brass hanger for hard mounting to the ship’s bulkhead top and bottom.  This lovely antique barometer has just been professionally serviced and both functions are guaranteed to be lively and accurate. 5 ¼  inches in diameter,  2  1/8 inches deep and 6 1/8 inches high overall.  In our 35 years handling antique barometers, there are no finer examples than those marked PNHB.  For an accurate, functional instrument which is very decorative and has value as an antique, this is it!  The best.  595

22.22  POCKET BAROMETER/ALTIMETER.  One of the finest of its type we have ever encountered.  This is an 1800’s English gentleman’s pocket barometer and altimeter made by the prestigious makers, “NEGRETTI & ZAMBRA LONDON” as signed on the silvered brass dial.  This handsome precision instrument hails from the Victorian age when it was fashionable for a gentleman of means to exhibit a command of the rapid advances being made in science of the era.  Having a duality of function, the dial on the inner scale measures barometric pressure in inches of mercury from a phenomenal low of 15 through a high of 31 calibrated in 1/10th increments.  On the outer scale it is calibrated in feet of altitude running from 0 (sea level) to an amazing 20,000!   The readings are made by the very fine indicator needle. To record changes in the barometer or altitude, there a very fine set needle fitted into the knurled revolving bezel ring.  The complex movement is corrected for temperature variations as indicated by the engraved notation Compensated on the upper dial.   What is also very special about this instrument is that it is housed in a sterling silver (unmarked but positively tested) case with exquisite engine turning on the back.  This in turn is housed in the original hinged satin-lined wooden case covered in Moroccan leather.  A spring-loaded button latch assures a positive closure, and a pivoting suspension loop extends through the case for attachment to a watch fob chain.  Condition is exceptional for such an item which is at least 130 years old.  Functional and accurate.  595

The firm of Negretti & Zambra was founded by its namesakes Enrico Negretti and Joseph Warren Zambra as makers of scientific instruments in London beginning in 1850.  They exhibited at the Great Exhibition at the Crystal Palace, London in 1851, winning a Prize Medal and earning the coveted appointment as instrument makers to the Queen and Prince Consort.  They were the most prolific and leading makers of all types of barometers and scientific instruments in the second half of the nineteenth century.  (Edwin Banfield, “Barometer Makers and Retailers 1660-1900,” 1991, Baros Books, Trowbridge, Wiltshire, England.

22.21  CARVED SHIP's BAROMETER. Very handsome mid-1800s Captain’s cabin  barometer undoubtedly from a sailing ship.  This lovely example combines form and function in a  shipboard instrument which has a hard-fired white porcelain dial calibrated in inches of atmospheric pressure from 27.7 to 31.3.  It also has more unusual weather notations reading:  GALES, STORMY WET CHANGEABLE, FINE, CALM, and SET FAIR at the top and -.FALLS.-MORE WIND FROM S.WLY., S.E., S.W. ARM, WET (then the trident) and, -.RISE.- N.ELY, N.W.N.E OR LESS WIND. COLD DRY.   Key words are highlighted in RED.  Of added appeal, and certainly increasing its value as a real ships barometer, is the fact that an old fashioned anchor is depicted at the center of the dial and Neptune's trident is shown at the bottom.  While unsigned, it is our opinion that this barometer was made by Martin of Swansea, a noted English ships' barometer maker circa 1860.  It has a brass bezel with thick beveled glass through which the brass set needle overlies the black indicator needle.  The body of the barometer is carved in the traditional ropework manner out of rich dark oak.  The original heavy brass hanging bracket is countersunk on the reverse.  The entire instrument measures 9 ½ inches in diameter and 3 1/4 inches thick, while the dial itself is 6 1/4 inches across. Outstanding, pristine original condition throughout!  Fully functional and accurate.  Truly a fantastic example.  579

According to Edwin Banfield in Barometer Makers And Retailers 1660-1900, 1991, Baros Books, Wiltshire, England, Felix Martin was a watch and clock maker in Swansea from 1850-1870.  We had and sold a nearly identical barometer with a plain, but signed dial by this maker.

22.26   ANTIQUE FRENCH BAROMETER.  Finest quality late 19th century aneroid barometer made by the highly respected Paris barometer making firm of Paul Naudet as indicated on the small “PNHB” logo at the bottom of the dial and again on the back of the brass case.  This handsome example has a silvered open face dial which showcases the complex movement within.  The dial is marked with the very broad atmospheric pressure range in inches of mercury from 25 to 32 in 2/100th increments marked by 10ths.  The dial shows the standard weather indications of “STORMY, RAIN, CHANGE, FAIR and VERY DRY.”  At the top of the aperture it is marked “Made In France” and at the bottom “HOLOSTERIC BAROMETER” (without liquid).  The barometric read-out is made by the very delicate blued steel indicator needle, overridden by the brass set needle attached to a knurled knob.  The knob runs through the beveled glass crystal with its old wavy glass.  The solid brass case of traditional form is in its original lacquered  finish.  There is a pivoting suspension loop at the top for hanging.  This lovely antique barometer has just been professionally serviced and is guaranteed to be lively and accurate. 5 ½ inches in diameter and 2 inches deep.  In our 35 years experience with barometers, none finer were produced than those marked PNHB.  For an accurate, functional instrument which is very decorative and has antiquity value, this is the way to go!   Priced to sell.  389

The first practical aneroid ("without liquid") barometer is generally attributed to Parisian, Lucien Vidie in 1843, who was awarded an English patent for his device in 1844.  Vidie's patent rights expired in 1859, allowing other makers to produce instruments.  The most successful makers in France were Naudet, Hulot & Cie, who reportedly made 20,000 instruments between 1861 and 1866.  (1)

Another reference to the firm was made by Middleton who states, "...there were several makers soon after the patent expired in 1859, the most successful being Naudet, Hulot, & Cie.  According to Le Roux they made 20,000 aneroid barometers between 1861 and 1866.  They called them baromètres holostériques...  references occur in the continental literature to Naudet barometers and to holosteric barometers for the rest of the nineteenth century.  They acquired a great reputation and were widely imitated." (2)  Middleton goes on to state,  "For many purposes aneroids continued to be made - and are indeed still made - of a form very like that arrived at by Naudet, Hulot & Cie about 1860." (3)   In the Appendix is an entry for a barometer held in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.  It reads, "230,002  A "Holosteric  Barometer- Compensated, "made by Naudet & Co. Marked on the back of the case, U.S. Signal Service" (4) indicating manufacture around the time of the First World War.

Surprisingly, little is written about the innovative and prolific Paris aneroid barometer maker, Pierre (alternatively "Paul”) Naudet, although it is known that his firm was begun in 1861 and continued producing aneroid barometers into the 1930's. 

The dating and meaning of the markings HBPN (alternatively PNHB) are less clear.  An entry for a barometer sold on eBay indicates the markings refer to "Hulot, Pertius & Naudet, Paris, barometer makers in the 1930's.  However Andy Demeter, writing about the history of the Chelsea Clock Company notes, "With the possible exception of recording barometers, Chelsea did not assemble holosteric or aneroid movements for their barometers preferring to purchase them from the legendary French maker, Pierre (alternatively Paul) Naudet.  His firm's trademark is typically found in a circle on these early barometer dials with the letters "HBPN" as an abbreviation for "Holosteric Barometer, Pierre Naudet." (5)  On page 220 a barometer dial is pictured with the caption, "1909 Pierre Naudet barometer."

1. Edwin Banfield, "Barometers Aneroid and Barographs," 1985, Baros Books, Wiltshire, England, p. 21.
2. W.E. Knowles Middleton, "The History of the Barometer," 1964, The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, p. 407.
3. Ibid. p. 409.
4. Ibid. p. 464.
5. Andrew Demeter, "Chelsea Clock Company, The First Hundred Years," 2001, Demeter Publications, Ltd., Boston, Massachusetts, p. 221.

22.25   IDENTIFIED U.S. MARITIME COMMISSION BAROMETER.  High quality World War II vintage merchant ship’s barometer made for the U.S. Maritime Commission by the famous American scientific instrument making firm of “Taylor Instrument Companies, Rochester, N.Y., U.S.A.” as marked on the pristine white dial.  This pilot house barometer is marked “PRESSURE Inches of Mercury Compensated” from 27.7 to 31 .3 in 2/100th increments marked by 10ths swept by a blackened steel indicator needle.  The dial is protected by its glass crystal housed in the original black Bakelite ship’s bulkhead-mounted case measuring 6 ½ inches in diameter on the flange.  This sealed unit has a pivoting brass cover on the back which protects the aperture provided for adjusting the reading.  It is the first such feature of this quality we have yet encountered in a barometer.  Attached to the barometer is an old work tag stamped “MACK BRUNTON BRYAN” then penned in old ink, “Merchant + Miners Trans. Co.”  This barometer is in excellent working and cosmetic condition in all respects.  Its indication of the barometric pressure is lively and accurate.  349

22.01  U.S. MARITIME COMMISSION BAROMETER.  Highest quality marine aneroid barometer made by the Friez Company of Baltimore, Maryland for the United States Maritime Commission during the early days of World War II (1943), as engraved on the silvered brass dial.  This all brass instrument with beveled crystal features a dial marked in an unusually broad range of barometric pressure from 25 to 32 inches in 2/100ths increments marked by 10ths.  The reading is indicated by an ornate blackened steel hand overlaid by a brass set needle attached to a knurled knob running through the clear beveled cover.  Internally it has a temperature compensated dual bellows system with a very precise rack and pinion linkage, seen only in the finest quality U.S. Weather Bureau instruments of the era.   The solid brass case is of traditional maritime form with a flanged bulkhead mounting plate 6 inches in diameter.  The dial itself measures 4 5/8 inches diameter set within the original reflector ring.  Outstanding original condition in all respects.  This barometer is very sensitive and extremely accurate.  A wonderful example of superlative American ingenuity during the most adverse  times.  295

22.02   EARLY WALL BAROMETER.   Elegant furniture-grade English wall barometer with the silvered brass dial signed “Lione Somalvico & Co., 125 HOLBN HILL LONDON” in beautifully hand-engraved script.  In a rare departure from typical instruments of the period, the dial is also engraved with images of a squirrel and an owl perched on a branch.  Also known as a “banjo barometer,” this type of domestic barometer was popular from the late 1600’s into the 19th century, reaching the zenith of demand at about the time this example was produced.  As such, competition amongst manufacturers was fierce and each strived to outdo the other.  This is a wonderful result of that competition.  The circular 8 inch dial is hand-engraved with a scale indicating atmospheric pressure in inches of mercury from 28 to 31, calibrated by 5/100th  increments.  Of added charm and appeal are images of the bird and squirrel adjacent to the center arbor.  The barometric reading is indicated by its fancy, delicately pierced blued steel needle.   It is overlaid by an equally ornate brass set needle which is rove through the glass to a knurled knob.  The glass is contained in its heavy brass bezel measuring 9 ¼ inches in diameter.  Above the dial is the very large mercury Fahrenheit thermometer calibrated in 2 degree increments from -10 to 120 marked by 10’s.  It also bears the traditional temperature indications:  “Freezing, Temperate, Sumr Heat and Blood Heat.”  At its heart this barometer has a glass “J tube” mercury column with glass weights and brass pulley system -- totally functional and accurate.  The beautifully-veneered mahogany case has exquisite marquetry inlays of varietal woods in the form of floral rosettes and sea shells.  Also there is very fine string inlay of holly wood along the entire perimeter of the body.   At the top is the “broken arch” pediment and brass urn finial in excellent condition.  It measures 40 ¼ inches tall by 10 inches wide.  There are a couple of very minor chips in the edge of the case near the top of the thermometer.  These are insignificant and are mentioned here only in the interest of full condition disclosure.  The fact is, this handsome barometer is surely one of the best we have had the pleasure to offer in our 35+ years.  A working, completely original barometer of the highest order,  over 185 years old!  2995 Back to Top

From the estate of a prominent civil engineer and collector of high end barometers in Southern California.

Edwin Banfield, “Barometer Makers And Retailers 1660-1900,” 1991, Baros Books, Wiltshire, England lists “Lione Somalvico & Co. as having worked at 125 Holborn Hill, London from 1810-1830.  (p. 202)

Due to its containing mercury, this item requires special shipping.  It is not transportable via regular commercial carrier.

22.03  ROPE-CARVED BAROMETER.  Very handsome 3rd quarter of the 19th century marine barometer of English manufacture.  The ornate Victorian dial is hard-fired porcelain with a fine crackle glaze.  It is calibrated in inches of mercury from 25.5 to 31.5 inches in 2/100th increments marked by tenths.  It bears the standard weather indications “Stormy, RAIN, Change, FAIR, Very Dry” in fancy Gothic lettering enhanced in red.   It also shows weather trends.  Beginning at “Stormy” lower left, it reads “FALL for S.W.ly by S.E. S.W.“  Then, clockwise, “WET or more Wind, DRY or Less Wind, and RISE for N.E.ly N.W. N.E.”  The bottom o f the dial is marked “ANEROID BAROMETER” and the center is decorated with an elaborate “snow flake” design.  The delicate blued steel needle indicates the current reading while the brass set needle, attached to a knurled knob, marks the prior reading for comparison.  The dial is protected by a thick beveled glass crystal set into its bright brass bezel.  The solid oak case is carved in the form of nautical rope.  It measures 9 1/8 inches in diameter and is equipped with a stout brass hanging bracket at the top.  A small aperture on the back is provided for calibrating the reading.  The pristine porcelain dial measures 6 inches across.  Overall outstanding original condition.  This barometer is fully functional and is extremely accurate.   495

22.04 U.S MARITIME COMMISSION BAROMETER.  Authentic World War II era ship’s aneroid barometer made for the “United States Maritime Commission” by the wartime manufacturing firm of “Fee And Stemwedel, Inc. Chicago” as marked at the bottom.  This highest quality weather instrument features a pearl white dial indicating “PRESSURE Inches of mercury Compensated” calibrated in 5/100ths increments and marked in tenths from 27.7 to 31.3 inches.  The reading is shown by a very fine blued steel indicator needle overlaid by a brass set needle attached to a knurled knob.  The instrument is housed in its classic wartime Bakelite case with mounting flange measuring 6 ½ inches in diameter and is 3 inches deep.  The dial, with silvered reflector ring, measures 4 ½ inches across.  A small aperture on the back is marked “Regulator” for adjusting the reading.  Outstanding original condition in all respects and extremely accurate.  The quality of this instrument is superb, necessitated by the rigors for which it was intended.  189

22.06  ANTIQUE BAROGRAPH.  Extraordinary, scientific grade turn-of-the-last-century weather instrument made by the well known English makers “Short & Mason, London.”  This lovely, fully functional instrument embodies the long-standing British penchant for form and function.  As such, the precision mechanism with gilded brass works and hardwood housing is a thing of beauty.  It employs 12 evacuated silvered bellows connected with a complex linkage system to a stylus holding an inking pen.  The linkage is all brass with steel pivots as mounted to the gilded brass bedplate.  It is decoratively-engraved with its makers, “Short & Mason London.”  The quill-type pen records a trace on the revolving drum.  A lever mounted on the front of the bedplate allows the pen to be lifted from the drum when not in use.  The brass drum is turned by a jeweled clockwork mechanism which runs for 8 days on a single wind, making one revolution per week.  To these ends there is a Fast/Slow adjustment feature under the removable brass cover and a separate winding key.  The interchangeable chart paper graph encompassing the drum is marked from 28 to 31 inches of barometric pressure in 1/10th increments on the “y” axis and is marked Monday through Sunday in 2 hour increments on the “x” axis.  The glazed wooden case is made of rich mahogany with all brass fittings and is supported on 4 wooden feet.  The sturdy scalloped base is complete with pull-out drawer containing 2 compartments.  The forward compartment is filled with original, unused gummed graph charts.  In addition there is an original pamphlet reading “S and M STORMGRAPH RECORDING BAROMETER, Directions For Use.”  The second compartment is for storing recorded charts.  The upper removable case contains its original old glass on all 5 sides.   This instrument measures 14 3/8 inches long by 8 ½ inches wide and 8 1/2 inches high.  Complete with the original ink vile with ground glass stopper and contents!  The entire presentation is in an outstanding state of original preservation, fully functional (the clock keeps good time) and is complete with at least 20 spare recording charts in pristine original condition.  Price Request Back to Top

22.07  BAROGRAPH.  Late 19th century English barograph of finest quality made by one of England’s most respected instrument makers of the period, “J. HICKS, LONDON” as inscribed on the maker’s plaque affixed to the front of the case.  This beautifully-made weather instrument employs 7 evacuated metal bellows connected to a complex linkage system attached to a stylus with an inking pen.  The linkage is all brass with steel pivots, mounted to a heavy solid brass bedplate.  The pen records a trace on the revolving drum.  A lever protruding through the front of the case allows the pen to be lifted from the drum when not in use.  The brass drum is motivated by a jeweled clockwork mechanism which runs for 8 days on a single wind, making a revolution once a week.  To these ends there is a Fast/Slow adjustment feature under the removable brass cover and a built-in winding key.  The paper graph encompassing the drum is marked from 29 to 31 inches of barometric pressure in 1/10th inch increments on the y axis and is marked Monday through Sunday in 2 hour increments on the x axis.  The glazed wooden case is made of rich mahogany with all brass fittings.  The original glass is old and wavy.   The instrument measures 11 ¾ inches long by 6 inches wide and 7 inches high.  Complete with the original ink vile with ground glass stopper and contents!  The entire presentation is in outstanding original condition, fully functional (the clock keeps good time) and is complete with several original old recording charts in pristine condition. Was 1295   NOW 495!  Back to Top

James Joseph Hicks worked as an optical, mathematical and philosophical instrument maker from 1861 into the very early 1900’s.  He began work at 8 Hatton Garden, London.  As his business grew his premises expanded to 8, 9, 10 Hatton Garden from 1885 onward.  Born in Ross Carbery, County Cork, Ireland, he apprenticed to the famous barometer maker, L. P. Casella in London.  Hicks made and sold all types of barometers, becoming one of the most prolific makers in England.  He was a staunch Catholic, presenting meteorological instruments to the Vatican, and was made a Knight Commander of St. Gregory.  (Edwin Banfield, “Barometer Makers And Retailers 1660 – 1900.”  1991, Baros Books, Trowbridge, Wiltshire.)

22.08  ANEROID BAROMETER.  Large, late 19th century aneroid barometer made for the English speaking market.  This especially handsome barometer has an all brass case with a colorful open face porcelain dial.  It is beautifully marked with an impressive range spanning 21.5 to 31.5 inches of mercury, designated in tenths and calibrated to 2/100th increments.   It is marked “Aneroid Barometer” at the bottom and bears the standard weather indications “Stormy, RAIN, Change, FAIR and Very Dry.”  A fine blued steel needle indicates the current reading overlaid by the brass set needle which records the reading as operated by the knurled knob in the center of the beveled glass.  The complex high quality movement with brass backing is visible within the open dial.  This precision weather instrument measures 6 ¾ inches in diameter and is 2 ¼ inches thick.  A pivoting brass suspension loop is equipped at the top for hanging.  A small aperture on the back of the case is provided for accurately adjusting the reading.  Excellent original condition with a nice statuary bronze age patina to the brass.  569

22.09  WEATHER GLASS.   Authentic hand-blown glass weather instrument known as a weather glass, storm glass or thunder glass, as found in the homes of sea captains from the 17th through the19th centuries.  This exacting copy consists of a one piece glass vial with a hanging eye at the top, a curved swan’s neck spout, and terminates in a bulbous glass bottom.   It is complete with a hand-wrought hanging bracket of copper and brass.  In use the glass is partially filled with water so that the level can be seen within the spout.  Weather changes accompanied by varying atmospheric pressure are evident in the rise and fall of the water level in the spout.  The hanging bracket measures 12 inches tall overall and the glass is 9 inches tall and 3 ½ inches wide.  Perfect condition.  49

Bert Bolle in “Barometers,” 1982, Argus Books, Watford, Herts, England discusses the Thunder glass or “donderglas” stating, “The title of “weather glass” is more apt than “barometer” in the context of the instrument shown.  A barometer is a measuring instrument, as such, has a scale; a thunder glass does not have a scale.  Therefore the term “weather glass” is more suitable for this, nonetheless, decorative antique."

"In the illustration, one can see that the glass is hung from a small hole at the top and is filled with liquid.  This can be water with a dye if desired.  The instrument, about 10 inches high, functions on the principle that variation in air pressure will cause fluctuation in the water level in the spout.  Without a doubt, this instrument is only partly reliable as it is greatly influenced by variations in ambient temperature.  However, if the thunder glass is hung in a place where variations in temperature are minimized, it is an excellent indicator of variations in air pressure."

"Thunder glasses were characteristically Dutch and production got under way sometime in the early 17th century."
This example comes complete with the original instructions printed when we commissioned an old-school glass blower to make a few of these instruments in 1983.  Since then they have been in storage for more than 30 years!

22.10   IMPRESSIVE STICK BAROMETER.  First half of the 1800’s gimbaled ship’s mercury barometer with the prized feature of a built-in Psympiesometer.  This imposing instrument is fancily engraved on its registers “J. Sewill / 61 South Castle St. Liverpool.”  Both scales are calibrated in inches of mercury from 26.7 to 31 inches in 1/10th inch increments.  The left scale is marked “10 A.M. YESTERDAY” and the right scale is marked “10 A.M TO-DAY.”  Both are decoratively-engraved with the standard weather indications “FAIR, Change, RAIN, and Stormy.”  Each scale is overridden by a one inch vernier calibrated from 1 to 10, top to bottom, which effectively provides a barometer reading to an accuracy of 1/100th of an inch!  The verniers are moved by means of an internal rack and pinion system which is operated by turning the ivory knob on the front.  The knob is interchangeable so that the current reading (YESTERDAY or TO-DAY) is indicated.  The scales are protected by a thick beveled glass panel set into the body of the barometer which is rich, solid mahogany.  The very desirable aspect of this instrument is its rare, antiquated Psympiesometer feature.  It consists of a large mercury thermometer with tear drop bulb and blown glass “J tube” with bulbous vacuum chamber at the top.  The thermometer is calibrated in single degrees Fahrenheit from -5 to 134.  Above it is an inset knurled rotating dial of silvered brass marked from 28 to 31 inches in 5/100th increments to denote the prior day’s reading.  The registers are all brass with silvered scales.  The bottom is engraved “IMPROVED SYMPIESOMETER” (sic) and is fitted with a sliding scale marked from 27.5 to 31 in 5/100th inch increments, further marked “RAIN, CHANGE and FAIR.”  This scale overlies the temperature scale which reads from 30 to 150 degrees Fahrenheit in single degrees.  Sliding the barometer scale pointer to the proper temperature reading provides the barometric pressure indicated by the Psympiesometer corrected for temperature.  The bottom of the barometer retains its original brass cistern cover which encloses a standard marine boxwood cistern with calf skin and thumbscrew arrangement for pumping the mercury to the top of the tube for transport.  Another very desirable feature of this instrument is its original folding brass gimbal bracket and gimbal!  With the fold-up feature, this barometer was secured to the ship’s bulkhead when not in use.  To those ends a brass hanging bracket is equipped at the top.  This exceptional instrument measures 38 inches tall overall, 5 inches wide at the gimbal bracket and protrudes 10 inches from the wall.  Condition is nothing short of amazing for a delicate item like this well over 160 years old!  Totally complete and fully functional. Price Request Back to Top

Joseph Sewill was a well known and highly respected nautical instrument maker in Victorian England.  He began work at 31 South Castle Street, Liverpool, moving to 61 South Castle Street in 1841 where the business continued under his sons after 1875.  Sewill was known to have sold barometers, chronometers, sextants and telescopes.  (Gloria Clifton, “Directory of British Scientific Instrument Makers 1550-1851,” 1995, Zwemmer  (Philip Wilson) Publishers.)
The Psympiesometer or “compact barometer” was introduced by Alexander Adie (1775-1858), a highly acclaimed maker of scientific instruments in Edinburgh, Scotland.  Adie was granted British patent 4323 for his Psympiesometer in 1818.  The instrument, described as 'An improvement on the air barometer,' was actually a variation of Robert Hooke's ‘thermobarometer’ dating back to the early 1700’s.  Adie’s miniaturization of the instrument was a result of  his using hydrogen and almond oil in the evacuated end of the glass tube rather than air.  The instrument was equipped with a sliding temperature scale which corrected the barometric reading to compensate for temperature.

Adie sought to produce a compact barometer, easier to use, less cumbersome and less fragile than existing marine barometers which contained a 31 inch long glass tube filled with mercury.  In 1829, shortly before the famous voyage of HMS Beagle, the distinguished Scottish scientist James Forbes gave testimony to the success of Adie's invention: "As a marine barometer, its superiority in accuracy and utility, as well as convenience, seems fully established".

Over 2,500 Psympiesometers were produced by Adie and other manufacturers after his patent expired in 1830.  Useful as it was, the Psympiesometer had drawbacks.  It did not provide an instantaneous reading, but required the temperature reading to be factored first.  It was not readily transportable and had to be kept upright when moved.  Then, as time went on it became apparent that the hydrogen gas gradually dissolved into the almond oil and the oil itself evaporated, rendering inaccurate readings.   Nevertheless, during the 1840’s it was still being used alongside mercury ship's barometers to provide a comparative reading between both instruments.  But by 1850 two innovative barometers, the aneroid and a greatly improved mercury-type, known as the Kew Marine or gun barometer were introduced.  The appearance of these advanced instruments signaled a quick end to the Psympiesometer’s usefulness.  This is an important fact used in dating the remaining instruments still surviving today.

22.11  IMPORTANT ENGLISH  BAROMETER.   Truly fit for a king (or at least a prince married to a queen!), exceptional mercury wheel barometer from the 2nd quarter of the 19th century.  This precision weather instrument, also known as a “banjo barometer," has a large hand- engraved silvered brass dial signed, “CHADBURN Optician To  H.R.H.  The Prince Consort. 71 Lord St. Liverpool, No. 539. PATENT.”  It is calibrated in inches of mercury from 28 to 31 in 2/100th increments with the standard weather indications, “Stormy, MUCH RAIN, Rain, Change, Fair, SET FAIR and Very Dry.”  The dial is protected by a thick beveled glass crystal set in a solid brass bezel ring measuring 9 inches in diameter.  The barometer pressure reading is indicated by a large, very fine, blued steel needle overlaying a second brass “set needle”  which indicates the previous reading.  The set needle is operated by an ivory knob just below the dial.   Above the dial is mounted a very large mercury thermometer with a silvered brass scale calibrated in degrees Fahrenheit from 9 to 114 in single degrees, and engraved with the archaic notations, “Freezing, Temperate, Sumr Heat and Blood Heat.”  This impressive furniture grade piece is made of sculpted rosewood with elegantly carved scroll accents.  But what really sets this barometer apart from most of its genre is it incredibly fine mechanism.  It utilizes the standard “J tube” mercury column with indicator needle actuated by a float connected to rack and pinion linkage for a super accurate reading!  The movement is accessed by a long hinged wooden door on the back and the top is equipped with a brass mounting bracket for hanging.  This finest quality barometer measures 37 inches tall overall and 10 ¾ inches wide.  The dial itself is 8 inches in diameter.  Outstanding cosmetic and fully functional condition.  Price Request Back to Top

Because this item contains mercury, special handling in transport is required.

Charles Henry Chadburn was a Mathematical Instrument Maker, Optician and Philosophical Instrument Maker at 70 Lord Street, Liverpool from 1845 to 1861.  He won the favored patronage of His Royal Highness Price Albert and a prize medal at the Great London Exhibition of 1851.  Later he joined his brothers John and William to establish the highly respected firm of Chadburn Brothers which operated well into the 20th century as nautical instrument makers and chandlers in Sheffield and Liverpool.  This barometer represents a very early example of Chadburn’s most exquisite output.  Prince Albert died in 1851, and obviously this barometer predates his death.

22.12  WHEEL BAROMETER.  Very impressive mid-19th century English wheel-type wall barometer also known as a “banjo barometer.”  This large, instrument-grade piece of furniture is fashioned from exquisitely-carved hardwood providing a most appealing presentation for the barometer and thermometer functions.  The red alcohol thermometer registers on an engraved silvered brass scale reading from 20 to 120 degrees Fahrenheit marked in single degrees with the classic notations, “FREEZING, TEMPERATE, SUMr HEAT and BLOOD HEAT.”  This amazing thermometer has a HUGE bulb!  The barometer function is beautifully portrayed by the hard fired porcelain dial calibrated in hundredths of inches marked in 10’s from 28 to 31 inches of mercury.  The precise reading is shown by the fine, pierced blued steel indicator needle.  The secondary brass set needle, of equal quality, is actuated by an ivory knob just above the dial.  The center of the dial is decorated with an elaborate starburst design of floral motifs.  The barometer indications are further embellished by the classic notations “STORMY, MUCH RAIN, RAIN, CHANGE, FAIR SET FAIR and VERY DRY.”   The internal mechanism of this barometer is the standard “J tube” with glass weights and pulley system connected to the indicator needle.   It is fully functional and properly calibrated.  The body of this Victorian masterpiece is beautifully carved on its top, bottom and sides, with flourishing floral motifs and scrolls.  The dial is protected by a heavy beveled glass crystal set into a solid brass bezel.  This statuesque furniture piece measures 42 ¾ inches tall overall by 12 ½ inches wide at the widest.  Totally functional and accurate, in remarkable original cosmetic condition.  Because it is of the mercury type, it does require special handling in transport.  Accordingly we have cut our $3900 price in half, making it a literal steal!  Please compare equivalent offerings elsewhere.  1995  Back to Top

22.13  BAROMETER / ALTIMETER.  Large, extra nice late 19th century English gentleman’s traveling barometer with the dual function of being an altimeter. This unusually large portable instrument is in the form of a pocket watch with bow and retains its bright brass finish.  The silvered brass dial is hand-engraved.  It is calibrated from 25.5 to 31 inches of barometric pressure, divided down to 2/100ths of an inch.  It is marked “Compensated” and “Made in England”   The outer rim of the dial is marked in “FEET” from 0 to 5,000 divided down to amazing 20 foot increments!  To set and record a reading the rim revolves.  This is provided with pinpoint accuracy by the extremely fine steel indicator needle which is little more than a hair’s width in diameter!  This instrument is complete within its silk and satin-lined, hinged wooden case with Moroccan leather cover.  A small spring-loaded lever with brass button latch secures the case when closed.  3 ¼ inches in diameter and 1 ¼  inches thick.  The dial itself measures 2 ½  inches across.  Fully functional and accurate.  595

22.14  POCKET COMPENDIUM.   Rare, most impressive late 19th century gentleman’s travelling companion which provides the quadruple indications of barometric pressure, altitude, compass course and temperature!  This compact, highly precise scientific instrument is a mere 2 inches in diameter on it solid brass, gilt-washed body with two sides.  The barometric side features a silvered brass dial calibrated in inches of mercury from 18 to 31 in 5/100ths increments.  The movement is marked “Compensated” (for temperature) and is signed “Henry Kahn & Co.. SAN FRANCISCO.”  The knurled, rotating outer rim constitutes the altimeter function which reads from 0 to 15,000 feet, calibrated in 50 foot increments.  On the reverse are the compass and temperature functions. The high quality classic compass card is “Singer’s Patent” type on mother-of-pearl, with agate pivot and innovative black and white card for easier night viewing,  The card is divided into the single points of the compass with the cardinal and intercardinal points identified and North designated by a harp and star.  The circular mercury Fahrenheit thermometer is a thing of beauty, registering in 2 degree increments from 8 to 150 degrees marked in 10’s.  At the top of the instrument is a pivoting suspension loop for hanging or attachment to a watch fob.  The entire presentation is 2 ¾ inches high inclusive of the loop and one inch thick.  Outstanding original condition in all respects noting that the gilded surface has worn with normal use.  Totally functional and accurate.  A real delight. 795 

Samuel Barry Singer was a master mariner from Southampton, England.  His simple, but effective design was a unique half black, half white dry card dial which was much easier to see in low light.  The northern half was blackened while south half of the dial remained naturally bright with its mother-of-pearl surface and minimal markings.  The star and lyre symbols had metaphorical meanings.  They represent the constellation Vega known as the “Harp Star,” one of the brightest in the Northern hemisphere.  Singer was granted his patent in July 1861.   (Kornelia Takacs, “Compass Chronicles,” 2010, Schiffer Publishing Ltd., Atglen, PA.)

22.15  IMPORTANT STICK BAROMETER.  Certainly one of the finest of its type available on the world market today.  This classic first half of the 19th century sailing ship’s stick barometer is of English manufacture, bearing the signature of “I & A  (sic) WALKER, LIVERPOOL” on its engraved ivory register plates.  This gimbaled barometer is profusely carved of rich mahogany from top to bottom!    The lovely dual, hand-engraved ivory scales are marked with the standard weather indications  left and right, reading from the top “Very Dry, Set Fair, FAIR, Change, RAIN, MH Rain, and Stormy.”  The scales are further calibrated from 26.8 inches of mercury to 31 inches in 1/10th increments.   The top of the left scale is engraved “9 A.M. Yes Day” and the right “Set 9 A.M. To Day.”  This barometer is equipped with twin rack and pinion vernier scales which allow for a reading to an accuracy of 1/100 of an inch.  In addition, the ivory knurled knob is interchangeable so as to mark the day as indicated on the scales.  The detailed scales are protected under curved, beveled glass set in a mahogany frame with carved, decorative finial at the top.  Below, the rope twist carved body bears the original inset mercury thermometer with ivory scale calibrated in degrees Fahrenheit from -10 to 142 in 2 degree increments.  The scale also bears the antiquated notations “F, T, S/H, B/H and F/H” meaning  Freezing, Temperate, Summer Heat, Blood Heat, and Fever Heat.  Below the thermometer is a richly carved terminus ending in the brass cistern cover which contains the original functional boxwood cistern with doe skin bottom and internal thumbscrew device designed to push the mercury in the glass tube to the top for transport.  To these ends, this barometer is complete with its genuine hand-blown glass mercury tube with capillary restriction to minimize “pumping” in a seaway and  the innovative “Bunton Air Trap” to prevent unwanted air from entering the mercury chamber.  These original features are virtually non-existent in all such barometers offered for sale in the contemporary market.  What is more, this barometer is complete with its original, very scarce Victorian brass mounting bracket with ornate design.   38 inches high overall, by 5 inches wide at the bracket.  Mounted, it extends 8 inches from the bulkhead (wall).  The condition of this 175 year old barometer is nothing short of amazing!  All surfaces are original and beautiful.  There is absolutely no sign of damage anywhere.  At present this barometer does not contain mercury, but it can be recharged to its original full functional condition at the point of delivery.  Truly a world class marine antique worthy of the finest museum or private collection!  Price Request 

According to Edwin Banfield in “Barometer Markers And Retailers 1660 – 1900,” 1990, Baros Books, Trowbridge, Wiltshire, England, the partnership of  J. & A. (John and Alexander) Walker worked as optical, mathematical and nautical instrument makers in Liverpool and London from 1827 – 1859.  Their addresses were 33 Pool Lane, Liverpool (1827), 34 Castle Street, Liverpool (1847), and 47 Bernard Street, London.

22.16   STICK BAROMETER.  Genuine, second half 19th century ship’s gimbaled mercury stick barometer.  This early barometer is most certainly of English manufacture, and is what is known as the “trap door” type, owing to the hinged door covering which protects the registers and thermometer.   The silvered brass register scales are calibrated in tenths of inches from 27 to 31 on the right and bear the engraved weather notations “STORMY, MCUH RAIN, RAIN, CHANGE, FAIR, SET FAIR and VERY DRY” on the left.  The red alcohol thermometer mounted in the door is calibrated in degrees Fahrenheit from -2 to 120 in two degree increments on its silvered brass scale, with the traditional notations “Freezing, Temperate, Sumr Heat and Blood Heat.”  The hinged door secures on the right with a hook and eye closure.  This long barometer has a body of rich mahogany with brass furniture.  There is a blank brass maker’s plate above the registers and the top is fitted with a pivoted bras ring for hanging.  The bottom contains the very heavy brass cistern cover containing the boxwood cistern within.  The cistern is equipped with a thumb screw for making this barometer portable.  This marine barometer is equipped with its original gimbal and mounting bracket.  The solid cast brass bracket is hinged so that when not in use the barometer can be folded up against the ship’s bulkhead for safe keeping, suspended by the loop at the top.  38 inches tall overall inclusive of the suspension ring.  The register is just under 2 inches wide.  The gimbal bracket is 4 ½ inches wide at the pivots and extends 8 ½ inches from the bulkhead.  All functions of this barometer work perfectly.  The barometer and thermometer are accurate and the barometer gimbals with a smooth tight action.  Excellent original condition throughout exhibiting age but respectful care in use.  Bargain priced.  1695 Back to Top

Because it contains mercury, this barometer may require special preparation and handling in shipment.

22.17   ANEROID  SHIP’s BAROMETER/THERMOMETER.   Superb, early 1900’s ship’s mounted barometer.  Certainly one of the finest of its kind to be found, this extra high grade barometer was made by the legendary French firm of Paul Naudet for the equally famous American nautical instrument makers and chandlers, “T. S. & J.D. Negus Navigation Warehouse 140 Water Street, New York,” as engraved on the pristine silvered brass dial.   This aneroid barometer is also marked “HOLOSTERIC (meaning “solid, without liquid”) BAROMETER” and “Made In France” at the top of the dial.  It is calibrated in inches of mercury from 27.8 to 31.2 in 2/100th increments and is boldly marked with the standard weather indications “STORMY, RAIN, CHANGE, FAIR and VERY DRY.”  Adding to its functionality and desirability the lower half of the dial is equipped with a curved mercury thermometer reading “FAHRENHEIT THERMOMETER” calibrated in 2 degree increments from 6 to 136 degrees.  A fine blued steel needle indicates the barometric pressure while a brass set needle attached to a knurled knob shows changes.  The set needle is rove through the beveled glass crystal, held in place by the brass bezel.  The barometer case is all brass with three  brass mounting lugs screwed and soldered to the back for very secure mounting to the ship’s bulkhead.  In addition to an adjusting screw, the back of the case is also marked with the familiar Naudet logo of “PNHB” (Paul Naudet Holosteric Barometer) in a circle.  The dial measures 5 inches across while the entire instrument is 5 ½ inches wide and 2 inches thick.  Magnificent original condition with a nice old age patina.  Fully functional and accurate.  They don’t come any nicer!  549

22.18  GIMBALED SHIP’s BAROMETER.  Scarce, second half of the 19th century English gimbaled marine barometer with the ivory register plates engraved by the maker, “W. H. MORALEE SOUTH SHIELDS” at the top.  The scale on the left is engraved with the standard weather indications, “Stormy, Much Rain, RAIN, Change, FAIR, Set Far, and Very Dry.”  On the right the scale is calibrated in inches of mercury from 27 to 31 in tenths.  The sliding vernier scale operated by the ivory set knob and internal rack and pinion system, provides an accurate reading down to 1/100th of an inch.  The scales are protected by a beveled glass crystal set into the arched pediment.  The body of this barometer is made of rich rosewood with a lovely color and grain.  The top is equipped with a pivoting brass suspension loop attached to a chain for hanging the barometer up when not in use.  When in use, the barometer is equipped with an elaborate silvered brass gimbal bracket with floral decoration.  A very unusual feature of this instrument is the fact that the bracket is actually signed by its maker “Pascall Atkey & Son, Cowes” the famous nautical instrument makers on the Isle of Wight!  It is made even more desirable because the gimbal is complete with the original detachable wall bracket or “shoe.”  Two prongs on the back of the gimbal fit into the shoe, allowing the barometer to be easily removed from the mount.  Below the gimbal, inset into the front, is the handsome mercury thermometer with ivory scale calibrated in degrees Fahrenheit from 30 to 110 in 2 degree increments.  At the bottom of the barometer is the solid brass cistern cover which houses the boxwood mercury reservoir within.  The entire instrument measures 37 inches tall overall by 3 inches wide at the register.  When mounted the instrument protrudes 8 inches from the bulkhead.  Fully functional and in outstanding original condition showing good age but no abuse.   All surfaces and components are original.  This is an exceptionally nice example of a highly sought after ship’s “stick” barometer, circa 1850.Request Price

Extraordinary shipping and handling applies.

22.19  MOUNTAIN BAROMETER.   Scarce early 1900’s American-made aneroid barometer for use at altitude.   This lovely precision weather instrument has a white enameled brass dial protected by a glass face.  The bottom of the dial is signed “Taylor Rochester, N.Y. U.S.A. / Toronto, Canada.”  At the top it is marked “PAT. AUG. 18-1914.”  The dial is calibrated in inches of mercury reading from 26 to 31 in tenths of inches, divided by 2/100ths.  It is also marked with the standard weather indications “~STORMY – RAIN –CHANGE * FAIR – VERY DRY~.”  A blackened steel indicator needle points to the precise reading, overlaid by a brass set needle connected to a knurled brass knob through the glass.  The barometer is contained within its lovely solid bronze case with pivoting suspension loop at the top.  The unique feature of this barometer is on the back.  Rotating the knurled brass plate moves the entire  movement within, thus setting the reading for a given altitude.   The rim of the plate is calibrated in “FEET” of altitude from “3500 to 7000” in 100 foot increments.  Instructions read “ROTATE THIS PLATE UNTIL ARROW ON CASE POINTS TO THE ALTITUDE OF YOUR LOCALITY.  PATENTED AUGUST 18-1914.”  5 ¼ inches in diameter and 2 ½ inches deep.  6 ¼ inches tall overall including the suspension loop.  This fine instrument is fully functional and in a virtually pristine state of original preservation.  395